Compiling fcitx5

(This article is a work in progress)

While fcitx5 is provided as a package in many GNU/Linux distributions, some of them (such as Gentoo) don't officially provide it as of May 2020. This article aims to give general instructions on how to compile and install fcitx5 in your GNU/Linux system.

Dependencies

C Compiler
C++ Compiler
CMake
ECM (Extra CMake Modules)
GNU Make
XCB (X protocol C-language Binding)
Expat
PkgConfig
json-c
dbus
cldr-emoji-annotation*

Note that most of these packages are usually provided by many distributions. cldr-emoji-annotation is a special case and will be covered in the next section.

Building process

xcb-imdkit

After installing all the dependencies, the first thing to do is install xcb-imdkit, an implementation of the X Input Method in XCB. Clone the GitHub repository:

git clone https://github.com/fcitx/xcb-imdkit.git

cd into the Git directory and run cmake:

cmake .

To install it to a custom directory, set the CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX flag:

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/your/install/path .

Then simply run make and make install. Please note that installing to a non-standard path is not recommended.

cldr-emoji-annotation

fcitx5 uses these for its emoji module. Some distributions (such as Void Linux) provide this package. Gentoo, on the other hand, does not, but there are user-maintained Portage overlays that provide it such as gentoo-zh. If you want to build it, clone the repository and run ./autogen.sh, then ./configure, make and make install. To install it to a custom prefix, run PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PWD ./configure --prefix=/your/install/path instead (this commands assumes you're in the cldr-emoji-annotation directory).

fcitx5

You should now be able to build fcitx5. Clone the repository. Some cmake options to keep in mind before building are:

ENABLE_WAYLAND: Wayland support. Defaults to On and should be fine for desktop environments such as KDE and GNOME. Users running X11-based window managers will need to turn it off.
ENABLE_ENCHANT: Enchant support. Defaults to On. Used for word prediction (hinting). Depends on libenchant, which is provided by most distributions.

The user is encouraged to check the contents of CMakeLists.txt for an exhaustive list of options.

For example, an i3 user who wishes to install it to /opt would run (likely with sudo privileges):

cmake -DENABLE_WAYLAND=Off -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt .
make
make install

fcitx5-qt

fcitx5-qt is the Qt im-module for fcitx5 and it's needed to use fcitx5 with Qt-based applications. It currently supports Qt4 and Qt5. You'll need several Qt modules if you're going to enable Qt5 support, namely QtCore, QtDbus, QtWidgets and QtX11Extras. These usually come bundled in packages on some distributions. For example, on Gentoo you can check what packages include these modules here.

Clone the repository. Relevant CMake options are ENABLE_QT4 and ENABLE_QT5. Both are turned on by default. You might want to turn off the flag related to the Qt version you aren't using. Then run cmake with the appropriate options,make and make install as usual. Please note that fcitx5-qt expects to be installed to the same prefix as the fcitx5 core.

fcitx5-gtk

TODO

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TODO: IM_MODULES envvars